Which of the following is the best indication that the water cycle is balanced, with total evaporation and transpiration equaling total precipitation?
  1. The total amount of fresh water on or under the land is equal to the total amount of salt water in the oceans.
  2. The proportion of total annual precipitation that falls as rain versus the proportion that falls as snow does not change from year to year.
  3. The total amount of water vapor in the earth's atmosphere remains relatively constant.
  4. The proportion of water vapor in the atmosphere produced by evaporation is similar to that produced by transpiration.
Explanation
Correct Response: C. One indication that the water cycle is balanced between evaporation/transpiration and precipitation is that the total amount of atmospheric water vapor remains relatively constant, meaning that precipitation amounts offset water vapor added by evaporation and transpiration. A is incorrect because the total amount of fresh water on Earth is only about three percent of the total of all water. B is incorrect because whether precipitation falls as rain or snow is irrelevant in this context.   D is incorrect because the proportion of water vapor produced by evaporation is approximately nine times greater than that produced by transpiration.
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