Read the excerpt below from "The Elements of San Joaquin" (1977), a poem by Gary Soto; then answer the question that follows.
 
At dusk the first stars appear. 
Not one eager finger points toward them.
A little later the stars spread with the night
And an orange moon rises 
To lead them, like a shepherd, toward dawn.
 
Which of the following statements best describes the use of a poetic device in this excerpt?
  1. Personification suggests a resem- blance between a star and a human hand.
  2. A metaphor equates the luminous beauty of stars with that of precious gems.
  3. Alliteration emphasizes the hypnotic effect of stargazing for long periods.
  4. A simile implies a resemblance between stars in the sky and sheep in a field.
Explanation
Correct Response: D. In the last two lines of the excerpt, a simile is used to compare the moon to a shepherd ("an orange moon rises / To lead them, like a shepherd, toward dawn"); the moon resembles a shepherd, and the stars, by implication, resemble sheep. In the second line of the excerpt, some slight personification is used when the human quality of eagerness is associated with a finger, but this personification suggests no actual resemblance between a star and a human hand (A). Nowhere in this excerpt are stars compared to gemstones (B). This excerpt provides no strong examples of alliteration and no explicit references to stargazing (C). 
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