Answer: C. Dispersion forces are the strongest when a molecule is easily polarizable. All other statements are facts about London Dispersion forces.
London Dispersion Forces (LDFs) are the weakest intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules. They result from the temporary and random fluctuations in the distribution of electrons around the nucleus of an atom or molecule, which creates a momentary dipole. When two neutral atoms or molecules come into proximity, these momentary dipoles can interact and result in an attractive force between the two particles, known as a London dispersion force.
LDFs are present in all types of matter, including liquids, solids, and gases, and are responsible for the stability of many materials at the molecular level. They increase in strength as the size of the molecule increases due to the increase in electron cloud size and the greater probability of the electrons being displaced. This is why larger molecules tend to have higher boiling points and lower vapor pressures than smaller molecules.
LDFs play a crucial role in determining the properties of materials, including their viscosity, surface tension, and boiling points. They also play a role in forming chemical bonds, such as in van der Waals complexes, where weak LDFs hold two molecules together in close proximity.
It is important to note that London dispersion forces are not directional and are relatively weak compared to other intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding or ion-dipole interactions. However, in the aggregate, they can result in significant, cohesive forces in a material.
In summary, London Dispersion Forces are weak intermolecular forces that result from the temporary fluctuations in the distribution of electrons in atoms and molecules. They play a crucial role in determining the properties of materials and are present in all types of matter.
