Doula

Answer: B - Described by Grantly Dick-Read in 1959, the fear-tension-pain cycle supposes that an increase in fear can increase tension which can in turn increase pain. If the cycle can be stopped or reversed at any point, pain can be lessened. For example, relaxation can lessen pain, making a woman less fearful about the contractions of labor. Dissociation is focusing on the non-painful feelings of an experience to transform the pain sensation. The Hawthorne effect describes what happens when a subject believes an expert is helping them achieve what they could not on their own. Cognitive control is a pain management theory of focusing on other activities to limit the noxious sensations.