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136. To cut costs, a local town stopped adding fluoride to its water supply. After the change, local dentists noticed a 25% rise in their number of patients. Clearly, removing fluoride had negative effects on dental health in the town.
The argument depends on assuming which of the following?
137. A recent study of 5,000 auto accident victims showed that the driver of the car had only a 50% chance of injury in accidents, but passengers in the car were injured 75% of the time. This shows that riding as a passenger is more dangerous than driving because collisions are more likely to impact other parts of the car than the driver’s seat.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
138. In a review of popular music, researchers found that the common themes of love and betrayal accounted for the subject matter in roughly 80% of songs. Despite the common themes, many people still continue to spend money on new popular music.
Each of the following, if true, would contribute to an explanation of the apparent discrepancy above EXCEPT
139. Crocodiles have evolved to become large and powerful enough to eat even large animals, while also staying small enough to move quickly to avoid predators. Fossil evidence suggests that crocodiles were once up to 40 feet long, but began reaching smaller adult sizes as time passed. It follows that the very smallest crocodiles were most likely to live to adulthood because they could move quickly.
Which of the following describes a flaw in the reasoning of the passage?
140. Historian: “When the computer was first invented, most people involved never imagined that computers could become as small as they are today, and certainly never imagined that each person would own one or more computers. They were intended mainly as a tool for universities and governments and were incredibly expensive. Given the rapid progress in computer technology in recent decades, it is likely that it is hard to predict even today how computer technology will develop and what new uses we will find for computers.”
Which of the following is most strongly supported by the historians statements?