Practice Quiz

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6. Parent: “Students these days do not study nearly as hard as they did when I was young. When I was 15, I spent five hours a day just completing my homework. Now all the kids can finish it in three hours or less. This generation is lazier than my generation.”

Student: “It’s true that we spend less time on homework. But we study more subjects in school and are actually required to learn more. We’re not lazy, but we spend less time on homework because we have more technology, like graphing calculators and the Internet to make our work faster.”

In responding to the parent, the student does which of the following?
  1. Uses an ad hominem attack to undermine the parent’s argument.
  2. Agrees with the conclusion of the parent, but not the reasoning.
  3. Provides an alternative explanation for the phenomenon the parent is describing.
  4. Refutes the broad generalizations made by the parent by giving a specific example.
  5. Compares the phenomenon to an event that is better understood.
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7. Two scientists designed a study to investigate the impact of a recent sewage spill in a local river. They compared species diversity in the affected river to species diversity in a nearby river not affected by the spill, and found that the species diversity in the two rivers was roughly the same. The researchers concluded that the sewage spill had little to no effect on the health of the affected river.

Each of the following, if true, would undermine the researchers’ conclusion EXCEPT:
  1. Prior to the sewage spill, a study had documented greater species diversity in the affected river than was found in this study.
  2. The control river experienced a similar sewage spill two years ago.
  3. The full damage to an eco-system after a sewage spill can take years, if not decades, to manifest.
  4. A sewage spill tends to affect all species equally.
  5. The two rivers were remarkably similar in all features and were located in the same geographical area.
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8. Nutritionist: “The vitamin content in organic foods and non-organic foods is the same. Therefore, it is a waste of money to pay for organic food products. Organic products are usually more expensive, and so a consumer will pay more for the same nutritional content.”

The nutritionist is making which of the following assumptions?
  1. There are no other nutritional benefits to organic food besides vitamin content.
  2. Organic products are always more expensive than their non-organic counterparts.
  3. All consumers have a choice of organic and non-organic products.
  4. All consumers are motivated by price more than any other factor when purchasing food.
  5. Some producers of organic products are guilty of false advertising.
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9. Museum Director: “The City Council’s vote to close the Natural History Museum on January 1st was foolish and will harm the city. Our museum is the premier natural history museum in the country; every year it attracts tourists and researchers, bringing their spending power into the city. It is an excellent place for our city’s children to learn about the world around them. And finally, the museum’s operating budget is completely paid for by private donations and admission tickets.”

Which of the following is the main point of the Museum Director's argument?
  1. The museum is the premier natural history museum in the country.
  2. The museum does not cost any money to the city.
  3. The museum is one of the town’s main tourist attractions.
  4. Closing the museum was not a wise decision.
  5. The museum helps the city to earn money and balance its budget.
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10. Educator: “Children will not excel at learning other languages unless they are exposed to those languages at a very young age. Grace had a babysitter who spoke Spanish to her as a young child, so she will grow up to be fluent in Spanish.”

Which of the following passages most closely parallels the flawed reasoning exhibited above?
  1. Flowers cannot grow well unless they are watered at least three times a week. Grace’s flowers did not grow well, so she must have forgotten to water them.
  2. Flowers cannot grow well unless they are watered at least three times a week. Grace watered her flowers four times a week, so her flowers will grow well.
  3. Flowers grow best when they are watered three or more times per week. Grace watered her flowers once per week, so her flowers will not grow well.
  4. Flowers grow best when they are watered three or more times per week. Grace’s flowers grow well, so she must water them at least three times per week.
  5. Flowers will not grow unless they are watered at least three times each week. Grace always takes great care of her flowers, so they will grow well.
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