CMC Cardiac Medicine Certification

Answer- C - d-wave is not a part of jugular venous pulsation. The normal waveforms in jugular venous pulsations are:
•“a” wave = atrial contraction - precedes carotid pulse
•“x” descent = atrial relaxation
•“c” wave = bulging up of TV during RV systole (may reflect carotid pulse in neck)
•“x prime” descent = descent of base of heart during ventricular systole
•“v” wave = passive atrial filling against closed AV valve
•“y” descent = early rapid atrial emptying following opening of AV valve - occurs after carotid pulse felt