IB Biology Exam Prep

Category - Biology

Which of the following best describes the role played by the hormone oxytocin in human reproduction?
  1. Inducing and regulating uterine contractions during the various stages of labor.
  2. Stimulating the growth of follicles in the ovary and maturation of the oocytes.
  3. Inducing and regulating the disintegration of the uterine lining during menstruation.
  4. Stimulating the development of the endometrium in preparation for pregnancy.
Explanation
Correct Response: A. Oxytocin is a hormone made in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. This hormone is responsible for inducing contractions during labor. Follicle stimulating hormone is responsible for stimulating the growth of follicles and the maturation of oocytes (B). Estrogen and progesterone stimulate the development of the endometrium and maintain it in preparation for pregnancy (D). If the oocyte is not fertilized, the levels of estrogen and progesterone drop off, which induces the disintegration of the uterine lining (C).
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