IB Biology Exam Prep

Category - Biology

The stratum corneum tissue of human skin consists mainly of dead cells that are continuously sloughed off and replaced by new cells migrating from underlying layers. This characteristic of the stratum corneum is most directly related to the skin’s ability to:
  1. Maintain elasticity and tone in underlying muscle and connective tissue.
  2. Provide a continuous supply of leukocytes as part of the innate immune response.
  3. Replenish worn and damaged sensors of the peripheral nervous system.
  4. Protect against injury and serve as a barrier against the entry of pathogens.
Explanation
Correct Response: D. The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of skin and is part of the epidermis. The cells of the stratum corneum contain large quantities of keratin, a tough, fibrous protein that helps provide protective properties to the skin. Studies show that removal of the stratum corneum causes the skin to lose its ability to serve as a protective barrier. Collagen and elastic fibers within the skin's dermis provide strength and elasticity to skin (A). Eccrine sweat glands, also located in the dermis, release fluid that contains water and metabolic wastes (B). The release of sweat by eccrine sweat glands also helps dissipate heat (C).
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