NCE / CPCE Counselor

Answer: D - Freud’s theory is still controversial and receives a lot of criticism today for all of the reasons listed in this question. Freud’s concept of the conscious, unconscious, and preconscious mind was a new and intriguing idea. Couple that with his techniques for uncovering hidden, unconscious motives - and you have cause for much controversy and criticism. Add the fact that his work was based on individual case studies, all of which involved people with ‘abnormal’ thoughts and behaviors without comparison to ‘normal’ people’s thoughts and behaviors. Although his theories are still controversial and still receive much criticism, Freud had a major impact on psychotherapy and psychiatry development and he can be credited with much of the growth of psychology throughout the world.