CPM Certified Professional Midwife

Answer: B - Contracted pelvis

Maternal causes of malpresentation include: 1) contracted pelvis; 2) spinal deformity in the pregnant woman; 3) multiparity; and 4) pelvic neoplasms. Lie, presentation, attitude, and position can all foster malpresentation. Fetal complications that can cause malpresentation include fetal abnormalities (such as hydrocephalus and neural tube defects). Yet another fetal cause of malpresentation is “large baby”.