A patient presents with shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, bluish hue of skin and expectorating pink frothy sputum. Which of the following invasive methods may be used to confirm a diagnosis of pulmonary edema?
  1. Cardiac catheterization
  2. Pulmonary artery catheterization
  3. Surgical maze procedure
  4. Percutaneous pulmonary intervention
Explanation
Answer- B - An invasive diagnostic approach used to diagnose pulmonary edema when diagnosis is unclear is pulmonary artery catheterization. Cardiac catheterization is a group of procedures performed to assess the function of heart or condition of coronary arteries. Surgical maze procedure is an invasive procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Percutaneous pulmonary intervention is used to close large pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas using amplatzer duct occluder.
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