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56. Oxgen Pharmaceuticals recently released a report concluding that Jeloco Pharmaceuticals’ products are unsafe and are known to cause birth defects. This report cannot be trusted, however, since Oxgen is Jeloco’s rival and they are currently in competition for a large grant for drug research. Oxgen’s report is biased, and so it is clear that there is nothing wrong with Jeloco’s products and they do not cause birth defects.
The reasoning in the preceding passage is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
57. Anyone who eats a sweet potato microwaved to an internal temperature of 200°F does not consume the same amount of vitamin A as a person eating a raw sweet potato. However, any other method of heating a sweet potato to the same temperature, such as boiling or baking, does not cause a decrease in consumption of vitamin A. Therefore, it is the microwave, not simply heat, that destroys vitamin A in a sweet potato.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
58. Miguel: “My mother is worried that I will hurt myself because I always ride my bicycle without a helmet. But I heard that deadly bike accidents are more common with mountain bikes than with road bikes, so I probably will be safe while riding my road bike. Wearing a helmet would not do anything to lessen my risk of an accident.”
Which of the following is a flaw in Miguel’s argument?
59. Situation: A person on a limited budget takes his date to an expensive restaurant, even though there are many more reasonable but still enjoyable establishments in the area.
Analysis: Some people are willing to sacrifice necessities in order to impress another.
Which of the following most closely conforms to the above analysis?
60. Marcus noticed many young men in his neighborhood dropping out of school, so he saved his money in order to give each neighborhood child who graduated high school a small scholarship to cover the cost of books in college. Seeing Marcus’s generosity, many parents in the neighborhood began shopping at his convenience store more often to show their appreciation for his good deeds.
Which of the following propositions is illustrated by the passage?