Which assessment finding by the nurse has the most serious implication for a 70-year-old client with emphysema?

  1. Increased anterior-posterior diameter of the chest
  2. Bilateral crackles throughout the lung fields
  3. Pursed-lip breathing
  4. Circumoral cyanosis
Explanation

Answer: B - Bilateral crackles throughout the lung fields indicate excessive pulmonary fluid requiring acute intervention. Increased anterior-posterior diameter of the chest, pursed-lip breathing, and circumoral cyanosis are chronic findings in clients with emphysema. They do not indicate acute changes in the client's condition.

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