MTEL Foundations of Reading

Category - Foundations of Reading

Use the information below to answer the questions that follow. 
 
A first-grade teacher creates poetry booklets for students to read each day as a morning "warm- up" activity to begin supporting their development of reading fluency. The teacher sequences the poems in the booklets according to phonics patterns and high-frequency words that students have recently learned. At the beginning of each week, the teacher works with small groups of students to ensure that they can read their new poem-of-the-week accurately. For the rest of the week, students practice reading the new poem with a classmate from their group. They also practice reading aloud other poems in the fluency warm-up booklet that they have previously learned.

By halfway through the school year, a majority of students in the class are making good progress reading the poems with fluency. However, a handful of students still read the poems haltingly, word by word, and ignore punctuation. Which of the following explicit, evidenced-based strategies would best transition the students away from word-by-word reading during the daily poetry activity?
  1. Shifting the students from poetry to a broader range of narrative and informational texts.
  2. Establishing a weekly poetry performance to motivate the students to read with more expression.
  3. Building the students' background knowledge with respect to each poem's theme and literary device.
  4. Adding phrase-cues to the students' poetry booklets and modeling how to read aloud in phrases.
Explanation
Correct Response: D. Option D is correct because phrase-cueing both facilitates text comprehension and scaffolds appropriate phrasing, an important component of prosody. Phrase cues are visual marks added to a printed passage at phrase boundaries to help the reader recognize meaningful chunks of text and guide expressive phrasing. Such scaffolded support reinforces the prosodic modeling provided by the teacher or a volunteer adult reader. Option A is incorrect because simply changing the genre of texts would not provide the students with additional support in prosodic reading. Option B is incorrect because, while poetry performance might be motivating to students, such motivation does not provide the explicit, evidence-based instruction required to support students who have not yet developed the ability to read prosodically. Option C is incorrect because building the students' background knowledge related to a poem's theme and literary device focuses on the development of literary analysis skills rather than prosodic reading skills. 
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