Correct Response: B. Cognates are words in a language that share a common ancestry or origin and thus a common root or base form with words in another language. In the scenario provided, the learners' native language is Latinate and thus shares words of Latin origin with English. The fact that the students create a chart of words that are "similar in structure and meaning to English words" implies that the words on their chart are not English words. Thus, A, C, and D are incorrect because these terms all relate to words/morphemes within the same language. Synonyms (A) are words with a similar meaning, homonyms (C) are words with the same form but different meaning, and allomorphs (D) are variants of a morpheme (e.g., the irregular plural forms mice and sheep are allomorphs of the English plural morpheme -s).
