Correct Response: C. Assessments are designed to gather information for specific purposes, and the validity of an assessment is compromised if it is used in a way that differs from its intended use unless the assessments have been validated for these purposes. For example, student fitness test scores should not be used to determine student grades, evaluate the overall quality of a physical education program or course, or assess teacher effectiveness. Using information obtained in informal formative assessments such as classroom observations and checklists to monitor learning and adjust instruction is a valid use of assessment (A). Because a student's body mass index is related to his or her health and potential health risks, it is appropriate to talk confidentially with students and parents/guardians about such results (B). Aggregate test results are an effective way to summarize one aspect of program effectiveness, and they are a useful and ethical reference tool (D).
