AP World History

Answer - B - Private citizens defended the Greek states.

Key Takeaway: For much of Greek history, but especially in the Archaic Period, Greece was fragmented into competing city-states. These city-states often engaged in direct military conflict. Because the city-states were small and had limited capacity financially and with their population, these areas could not maintain professional armies. Thus, the city-states relied upon their own citizens to fight. Interestingly, because the “soldiers” were employed in other capacities, wars did not last long, as the citizens would need to return to their professions in order to make a living. Thus, war campaigns were usually restricted to summer months.