Which treaty ended the three-year Carolingian Civil War, but it came at the expense of centuries of infighting in Western Europe?
Explanation
Answer: A - Three years of fighting among Charlemagne’s heirs (three grandsons from his son Louis the Pious) in the Carolingian Dynasty finally ended with the Treaty of Verdun, which divided the family’s empire into three kingdoms. However, the manner in which the kingdoms were created- where the boundary lines were drawn and who was appointed king in each section- proved controversial and resulted in centuries of conflict. Lothair received the middle section of the empire, known as Middle Francia, which contained the Kingdom of Italy (including Rome) and several parts of present-day France, like Burgundy and Provence. Lothair also received the title “Holy Roman Emperor.” Louis the German received the section known as East Francia, a region that ultimately became Germany. Charles the Bald received the section known as West Francia, which included all of the empire west of the Rhône River. West Francia ultimately composed of most of present-day France. In time, the middle kingdom fell apart, leaving Germany and France to fight over boundaries and territories well into the 20th century.
