Which of the following should be an important consideration for a teacher who is planning reading instruction for elementary school students?
  1. Frequent sustained silent reading is essential to the mastery of fundamental reading skills during the early stages of literacy development.
  2. Weaknesses in basic reading skills are best addressed implicitly, without direct intervention, as part of a holistic approach to literacy development.
  3. Engagement in authentic tasks related to reading that make use of other modalities (i.e., listening, speaking, and writing) supports literacy development.
  4. Basic reading skills develop in a natural, predictable sequence that is relatively fixed for all learners regardless of their background or stage of cognitive development.
Explanation
Correct Response: C. It is widely recognized in reading research that engaging students in purposeful listening, speaking, and writing about the texts they are reading supports students' growth and development in literacy at all stages of reading and writing development. A, B, and D are all incorrect because foundational reading and writing skills need to be explicitly taught during the early stages of literacy development for students to become proficient readers and writers, including proficient spellers. A, B, and D all focus on implicit strategies for promoting reading development.
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