CLEP US History II

Category - Labor

Which notable American labor organizer was convicted of numerous felonies and then received a presidential pardon, only to disappear without a trace several years later?
  1. Eugene V. Debs
  2. Samuel Gompers
  3. John L. Lewis
  4. Jimmy Hoffa
  5. Cesar Chavez
Explanation
Answer: D - Jimmy Hoffa was president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters labor union from 1958 to 1971, when he resigned as part of a presidential-pardon agreement. Then, in 1975, Hoffa suddenly disappeared without a trace, spawning various conspiracy theories in the decades since. Hoffa was convicted of jury tampering, attempted bribery, and fraud in 1964, and began a 13-year prison term in 1967, which he was in the process of serving until his 1971 agreement with President Richard M. Nixon. The FBI was convinced that the mafia (with whom Hoffa had known ties) was responsible for his disappearance.
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