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Which is true of ecological succession?
  1. Pioneer species move into the new communities first
  2. Climax communities have higher total biomass than preceding communities
  3. Species diversity increases with each stage of succession
  4. Climax communities do not change
  5. All of the above
Explanation
Answer: E, All of the above. Ecological succession is defined by all of these characteristics.

Key Takeaway: Ecological succession always begins by pioneer species colonizing the area. The diversity of species and total biomass increases until a climax community is formed. In the climax community, biomass has reached its highest sustainable level, and the area is defined by stability of environment and population.
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