Answer - D - Performing active-assistive leg exercises. Inactivity causes venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and external pressure against the veins, all of which lead to thrombus formation. Early ambulation or exercise of the lower extremities reduces the occurrence of this phenomenon.
Thrombus formation poses a significant risk to postoperative clients due to increased immobility and potential changes in blood flow and coagulability after surgery. To mitigate this risk, nurses play a crucial role in implementing preventive measures independently. Among the listed options, performing active-assistive leg exercises (option D) is a critical intervention for preventing thrombus formation.
Active-assistive leg exercises involve the nurse assisting the patient in moving their legs to improve circulation, which can significantly reduce the risk of blood clot formation. These exercises are designed to promote venous return from the lower extremities, enhancing blood flow and preventing stasis, a key factor in thrombus formation. The actions can include ankle pumps, leg lifts, or gentle knee bends, which are initiated under the nurse's guidance to ensure they are performed correctly and safely, especially for clients who might be weak, sedated, or less mobile post-surgery.
Implementing active-assistive leg exercises as a preventive measure against thrombus formation is based on the understanding that movement and muscle contractions in the legs are beneficial in stimulating blood flow through the deep veins, reducing the likelihood of clot formation. This approach aligns with evidence-based practices that emphasize the importance of early mobilization and physical activity in postoperative care to prevent complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
