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There is no such person as Frank Starling. Contrary to popular belief, he never had his own law. Instead, in the late19th century, a man named Otto Frank performed research (with frogs) that was later extrapolated by Ernest Starling (with dogs). Which of the following MOST adequately depicts the Frank-Starling mechanism?
  1. A body at rest will stay at rest; a body in motion will stay in motion
  2. The strength of ventricular contraction is increased when the ventricle is stretched prior to contraction
  3. For every action, there is an opposite and equal reaction
  4. The strength by which a nerve or muscle fiber responds to a stimulus is not dependent on the strength of the stimulus
Explanation
Answer: B - The Frank-Starling mechanism relates to heart muscle contractility. It states that the strength of ventricular contraction increases when the ventricle is stretched prior to contraction. The All-or-Nothing Law relates instead to muscle or nerve fibers. If a muscle or nerve is stimulated, and that stimulation reaches a certain threshold, the nerve or muscle fiber must respond. If the stimulation is too weak, and fails to reach that threshold, nothing will occur. In other words, there is no partial response to stimulation. The other principles mentioned are part and parcel of Newton’s three laws of motion.
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