A two-year-old child has frequent respiratory tract infections, poor weight gain, and lack of appetite. During auscultation the nurse hears a quiet ejection murmur at the left sternal border and a split second heart sound. Which of the following procedures would be useful in making a diagnosis?
  1. Electrocardiogram, PET scan, ventilation-perfusion scan
  2. Chest x-ray, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging
  3. Electrocardiogram, CT scan, ultrasonography
  4. Doppler flow study, thallium scan, ventriculography
Explanation
Answer: B - The patient probably has an atrial septal defect, and diagnostic tools used to determine the presence of atrial septal defect include chest x-ray, echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging., A more invasive approach such as cardiac catheterization may also be used.
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