A flock of grasshopper sparrows moved into the area before the dominant plant changed from weeds to grasses. The grasshopper sparrow is the ____________.
  1. Primary organism
  2. Pioneer organism
  3. Secondary organism
  4. Tertiary organism
  5. Quaternary organism
Explanation
Answer: B, Pioneer organism. Succession always begins with a pioneer organism population moving into the area.

Key Takeaway: It is the pioneer organism that drives succession. If the pioneer organism is successful, it will change the environment in such a way that new populations can move into the area. As populations are replaced, changing plant forms will attract different types of animals.

Photo: Grasshopper sparrow - photo from the US Park Service
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