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111. Most Christmas albums by well-known singers sell very well because consumers are already familiar with the singer. New singers are thus unlikely to make Christmas albums because they will not sell well.
The flawed reasoning in the argument above is most similar to which of the following?
112. There is a new trend in anthropology to research overarching trends of cultural change, as opposed to learning detailed cultural information about specific, often small, groups. As many cultures are losing much of their traditional identification, including customs and language, this shift has been to the detriment of the field because we are losing the ability to learn about distinct cultures before they fade away.
The statements above, if true, most strongly support which of the following statements?
113. Inhabitants of a small island off the coast of Georgia have an extremely high rate of type II diabetes. Researchers studying the cause of the high rate noted that all sufferers of type II diabetes on the island ate palm oil everyday, while healthy people ate it at most a few times per month. The researchers concluded that eating palm oil caused the type II diabetes.
Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the researcher’s reasoning?
114. Percy: “A non-profit organization’s primary responsibility is to its donors. People willingly donate to charitable organizations trusting that their money will be spent responsibly, and this trust must be respected.”
Angela: “But most charitable donors only give small amounts, and only give disposable income. Recipients of charitable aid are dependent on that aid, and so a non-profit organization should be more concerned with their opinions.”
Based on the above dialogue, Percy and Angela disagree about whether
115. While many people believe that fraud is more common than ever before, it is actually much more difficult to complete a fraudulent transaction at a bank than in past years. Most banking systems are now automated, so there is less room for human error or manipulation. In addition, modern computer systems can detect suspicious activity and alert appropriate staff.
Which of the following offers the strongest support for the above statements?