CLEP Western Civ I

Answer: E - The separation of church and state was a significant theme of the Reformation. While the sale of indulgences in the Catholic Church and papal abuses were the primary concerns, one of the other issues addressed in many of the local Reform movements was the degree to which the church and state should be intermingled. Issues of church and state were the primary motive for the English Reformation, where Henry VIII wanted the monarchy (a state institution) to have power over the church. Germany’s Reform movement, under Martin Luther, supported the separation of church and state. The Calvinist movement in France favored the separation of church and state, except that Calvin believed the state should be guided by the values of the church, thus giving the church some degree of preference over the state.