CLEP Western Civ I

Answer: D - At the Battle of Hattin Saladin successfully led a Muslim army against the Kingdom of Jerusalem, controlled by Crusaders, in 1187. Saladin wrested control of Palestine, including Jerusalem, from the Christian forces. The Europeans were shocked by his success. Pope Urban II, who launched the First Crusade, literally died of shock when he learned that Jerusalem had been lost. Saladin’s victory prompted the Third Crusade, which began two years later. While Saladin’s forces did not fare as well during the Crusade, he never lost control of Jerusalem. Richard the Lion heart of England ultimately negotiated a treaty with Saladin that allowed Christians to continue making pilgrimages to the holy sites, provided that they were unarmed.