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NCLEX-RN

Category - Physiological

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A client with metabolic alkalosis may be noted with paresthesias, hypertonic muscle, and dizziness. The signs and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis are similar to which of the following electrolyte imbalances?

Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypomagnesemia

Explanation

Answer: B - Electrolyte imbalance hypocalcemia shares similar symptoms with metabolic alkalosis. Hypocalcemia occurs when calcium combines with serum protein, resulting in decreased serum calcium. Since the ionized fraction of calcium affects neuromuscular activity, a decreased serum level mimics the symptoms of hypocalcemia. In compensation, the brain depresses respiration.

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