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What is the outlier in the following set: 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 112, 23, 34 and 45?
  1. 55
  2. 11
  3. 112
  4. There is no outlier.
Explanation
Answer: C - The outlier is 112. An outlier is any number that is widely divergent from the rest of a data set, and it can be deduced logically, in many cases. It can be found arithmetically as well. An outlier is usually any number that is more than two standard deviations from the mean. The mean of the number set is about 42 (42.11). The standard deviation for the set is about 29.5. 42 + 29.5 + 29.5 = 101; therefore, any number greater than 101 is an outlier in this set. 101 < 112, therefore 112 is an outlier.
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Additional Answers

Gur Singh says:

We know 55 is not the outlier because it fits with the other numbers. Also, 11 is not the outlier because it's similar to the other small numbers. There isn't an outlier because most numbers are close to each other. But if we look at the numbers, we see 112 is much bigger than the rest. Since there isn't any other number like 112, it stands out. That's why 112 is the outlier, being much larger than the other numbers.

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