The English learners in a high school SEI world history class are at the bridging level of English language proficiency and can produce language with few grammatical errors. The students demonstrate strong foundational reading skills and subject-matter knowledge. As part of a lesson, the class will read an informational article on major economic and social developments in China in the twentieth century. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate for the SEI teacher to use to scaffold the reading assignment for the English learners?
  1. Preteaching the distinctions between literal and inferential comprehension skills and noting that both types of skills are needed for the reading task.
  2. Providing the students with a supplementary text on twentieth-century world history written in English for students at a lower grade level.
  3. Preteaching any idiomatic expressions, false cognates, and content-specific vocabulary essential for comprehending the article.
  4. Providing a written summary of the key ideas in the article and asking students to complete an exercise linking supporting details to each main idea.
Explanation
Correct Response: C. English learners at the bridging level (WIDA Level 5) are approaching comparability with native English-speaking peers in their ability to process and produce English within academic settings. When reading an informational article in a history class, they may benefit from scaffolding that refines their already strong English language skills, such as being pretaught idiomatic language and being made aware of false cognates that could make the reading confusing in some places. English learners at this level, as well as native English speakers, will also benefit from previewing essential content-specific vocabulary before reading an academic text. A is incorrect because high school bridging-level English learners, especially those with strong foundational reading skills, would already be aware of the distinctions between literal and inferential comprehension and regularly apply those skills during reading activities. B and D are incorrect because they describe scaffolds that English learners at significantly lower English proficiency levels would require and that are therefore inappropriate for students at the bridging level.
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