SAT II Chemistry Exam Prep

Category - General Chemistry

Use the entropy equation below to answer the question that follows.
S = k × log W
In the entropy equation shown, S represents entropy, k is the Boltzmann constant, and W represents the number of ways particles can be arranged. Given this information, which of the following best describes what happens to the variables in the equation above as a compound undergoes a phase transition from solid to liquid to gas?
  1. The value of S decreases.
  2. The value of k increases.
  3. The values of S, k, and W decrease.
  4. The value of W increases.
Explanation
Correct Response: D. The equation S = k × log W was derived by Boltzmann and expresses the relationship between entropy and the number of ways particles can be arranged. Because gas and liquid particles can be arranged in more ways than solid particles can, W will increase during the transition of solids to liquids to gases. A is incorrect, since the overall entropy (S) will increase because the particles of liquids are not arranged in a regular fashion. B is incorrect because k is a constant. C is incorrect because the constant k will not change and S and W will both increase.
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