An English language learner overgeneralizes the regular past tense marker -ed to irregular verbs, such as saying holded for held. This student is most clearly demonstrating:
  1. The memorization of an incorrect verb form.
  2. The acquisition of a new vocabulary word.
  3. The extension of a known word to a new meaning.
  4. The process of internalizing a grammatical rule.
Explanation
Correct Response: D. Overgeneralization of a grammatical rule is typically considered evidence that a person has internalized the rule. In the scenario, the student overgeneralizes the past tense rule (adding –ed) to irregular verbs, thus demonstrating that the student is able to understand and apply the rule. A is incorrect because the verb form the student uses is correct (-ed). The student simply has not learned the exceptions to the rule. B and C are incorrect because they relate to learning new vocabulary rather than acquiring grammatical rules.
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