Correct Response: D. In norm-referenced tests, students' scores are based on comparison to the performance of a statistically selected group of test takers. Because students from different socioeconomic groups tend to have different educational experiences, students' scores will not be meaningful or equitable if the selected reference group has significantly different demographic characteristics. Test administration procedures should be consistent among students to provide a valid comparison (A). Norm-referenced tests may use multiple-choice or short-answer formats, or a combination of both (B), without influencing the comparison of an individual's performance to the reference group. The psychomotor domain involves physical skills that cannot be tested through a written format but are effectively measured by assessing physical movement (C).
