AP World History Exam Prep

Category - History

Which of the following caused the Second Age of Islamic conquest, which began in the 1200s?
  1. The Mongols were defeated in Persia and the Caliphate’s power was restored.
  2. The Crusades had brought about new militaristic dynasties.
  3. The popularization of the Qur’an allowed Islam to spread further into Europe and Africa.
  4. A long period of peace had allowed Islamic trade routes to spread to the west and the north.
Explanation
Answer - B - In the 1200s, the Second Age of Islamic conquest began. This was largely due to the Crusades and the fact that they had brought about new militaristic dynasties.

Key Takeaway: The Islamic Empire was in a great state of decline and fragmentation before the Crusades. A succession of weak and corrupt rulers had left the Empire vulnerable to attacks and invasion from the Byzantines, Turks, Crusaders, and the Mongols. As a result of this, leaders such as Saladin created strong military dynasties which gave rise to a new era of conversions and conquests for the Muslims in Africa and Eastern Europe.
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