Practice Quiz

MSNCB Medical-Surgical Nursing Exam Prep

Category - Medical Surgical

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A diabetic client with the flu asks why he should drink juices, check his finger stick glucose every 4 hours, and take insulin when he is not eating and is vomiting. Which of the following would be the best explanation by the nurse?
  1. He needs to prevent dehydration, excessive breakdown of fats for glucose, and monitor for hyperglycemia.
  2. He needs to check his blood glucose because vomiting could cause hypoglycemia and drinking fluids will prevent dehydration.
  3. His body uses protein for energy when he is sick, causing increased ketones and hypoglycemia.
  4. If he could substitute water for the juices to prevent dehydration, then he would not need to check his blood glucose levels so often
Explanation
Answer - A - He needs to prevent dehydration, excessive breakdown of fats for glucose, and monitor for hyperglycemia. Starvation-induced ketosis can be prevented by drinking juices that equal the prescribed carbohydrate meal pattern. Fluids are needed to prevent dehydration and hyperosmolality, which could result from large fluid losses from persistent vomiting. The liver breaks down fat to form glucose for energy and ketones, leading to DKA. The other options do not address the key issue of dehydration and hyperglycemia.
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