AP World History

Answer - B - Both Peter the Great of Russia and Ataturk of Turkey desired to westernize their countries.

Key Takeaway: Peter the Great made repeated visits to the West, which convinced him that European customs were in several respects superior to Russian traditions. He commanded his courtiers and officials to cut off their long beards and wear European clothing. He also sought to end arranged marriages.

Similarly, Mustafa Kemal, later called Ataturk, was a Turkish colonel who helped to successfully defeat the British at Gallipoli in 1915. After this, he created a new government in Ankara, negotiated a treaty with the Allied powers, and drove the Greeks from Turkey. He also fought long and hard to modernize and westernize Turkey. In 1923, after the fall of the Ottoman Empire, Ataturk established the Republic of Turkey and became its first president.