Which of the following are non-cardiac causes of pulmonary edema?
  1. Dengue fever, carbon monoxide poisoning, vasovagal syncope
  2. Urinary tract infections, decompression sickness, exposure to carbon monoxide
  3. Lung infections, exposure to certain toxins such as chlorine, ammonia and nitrogen dioxide, adverse reaction to chemotherapy drugs, high altitude
  4. Disease of pulmonary artery, asthma, COPD, immotile cilia syndrome
Explanation
Answer: C - Non-cardiac causes and risk factors for pulmonary edema include lung infections, exposure to certain toxins such as chlorine, ammonia and nitrogen dioxide, adverse reaction to chemotherapy drugs, and high altitude. Other causes include kidney disease, smoke inhalation, adverse reaction to illicit drugs, and acute respiratory syndrome.
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