Practice Quiz

NCLEX-RN

Category - Pharmacological

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What should the nurse include in her health teaching to prevent or delay the most common adverse effect of long-term use of phenytoin?
  1. Ensure regular intake of phenytoin, and avoid missing a dose.
  2. Observe proper oral care.
  3. Take this drug on a full stomach.
  4. Avoid high-carbohydrate foods.
Explanation
Answer: B - The most common adverse effect of phenytoin is gingival hyperplasia; the patient should observe regular and proper oral and dental care. Phenytoin should be taken regularly to prevent sudden seizures. Almost all anti-seizure drugs are gastric irritants and must be taken with food. Option D is unnecessary; a nutritious and balanced diet is recommended. However, if the patient is diabetic, the drug may inhibit release of insulin and increase blood glucose levels.
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