Mr. John, who is suffering from advanced dementia, has presented to emergency after being hit by a car. The nurse will assess the pain by:
  1. Numerical pain assessment scale
  2. Careful observation of verbal behavior
  3. Careful observation of non-verbal behavior
  4. Both A and B
Explanation
Answer: C - The nurse will assess the pain of a dementia patient who was hit by a car through careful observation of non-verbal behavior. Nonverbal communication (NVC) is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. i.e., language is not the only source of communication, there are other means also. NVC can be communicated through gestures and touch (Haptic communication), by body language or posture, by facial expression and eye contact. NVC can be communicated through object communication such as clothing, hairstyles or even architecture, symbols and infographics.
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