Practice Quiz

EPPP Psychology

Category - Social and Cultural Bases of Behavior

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In social psychology, an attitude refers to a predisposition to respond to certain stimuli or situations. Consistency theories propose ways that attitudes are formed or changed in relation to environment and other people. The phenomenon of effort justification belongs to which consistency theory?
  1. Symmetry theory
  2. Congruity theory
  3. Self-perception theory
  4. Cognitive dissonance
Explanation
Answer: D - Cognitive dissonance is a consistency theory that proposes people change their attitudes in response to discomfort around inconsistencies between their own thoughts and actions. Effort justification is one circumstance of cognitive dissonance; this occurs when an individual is upset about investment in an unworthy goal and so emphasizes the positive qualities of that goal.
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