CLEP Intro Edu Psych

Category - Motivation

In all cultures, humans need food, air, and shelter. Humans in all cultures also need protection from danger, opportunities to reproduce, and space for growth. Although the cultural response to these needs differs from place to place, basic survival needs remain the same across cultures. What concept does this illustrate?
  1. Hedonism
  2. Expectancy-value theory
  3. Universal motives
  4. Learned helplessness
Explanation
Answer: C - Universal motives refer to motives that are common among all people in all cultures and across all time periods. The method of meeting these needs often vary by culture. For example, a house in Zimbabwe may be very different from a house in Canada, but they both meet the same need for shelter, protection, and cleanliness.
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