National Counselor Exam Prep (NCE)

Answer - D - Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, identified and wrote about a type of learning that has become known as classical conditioning. He demonstrated that, by simultaneously presenting an unconditioned stimulus (meat paste) and a conditioned stimulus (the sound of a tuning fork), researchers could eventually elicit the dogs’ response of salivation by using the conditioned stimulus (tuning fork) without the presence of the conditioned stimulus (meat paste). In other words, eventually the dogs’ salivated just on hearing the tuning fork.