MTEL General Curriculum Practice Exam - Question List

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46.
Annie Jump Cannon was an early twentieth-century astronomer who catalogued the spectra of over 225,000 stars. Her work was invaluable in helping others formulate and test astronomical theories. The work of Annie Jump Cannon demonstrates which of the following aspects of scientific research?
  1. Scientific inquiry relies on careful observations of natural phenomena.
  2. Scientific progress proceeds more rapidly at some times than at others.
  3. Scientific research must be validated by peer review.
  4. Scientific breakthroughs often occur by accident.
47.
The development of techniques for creating integrated circuits by etching large numbers of transistors on a small piece of silicon most directly influenced the production of:
  1. Inexpensive and extremely powerful lasers.
  2. Superconducting materials for efficient transmission of electricity.
  3. Smaller, faster, and less expensive computers.
  4. Efficient and affordable photovoltaic cells.
48.
During the nineteenth century, scientists recognized that cholera and typhoid were spread through contaminated water supplies. By the early part of the twentieth century, major urban areas in Europe and the United States were almost free of these diseases primarily as a result of the development of:
  1. Diagnostic techniques for rapidly identifying infected individuals.
  2. Public-health initiatives focused on sanitizing drinking water and managing sewage.
  3. Broad-spectrum antibiotics capable of curing infected individuals.
  4. Groundwater resources that replaced rivers as the major source of drinking water.
49.
During the mid-eighteenth century, the naturalist Carolus Linnaeus developed a key that allowed others to distinguish types of organisms that he had previously identified. His early work ordering and identifying organisms is widely seen as providing the foundation for:
  1. The currently accepted approach to scientific research.
  2. An explanation of evolutionary processes.
  3. The modern system for classifying species.
  4. An understanding of the biology of inheritance.
50.
The work of Nicolaus Copernicus in astronomy led to a fundamental shift in thinking about the place of humans in the universe. The philosophical importance of Copernicus's work was based on his discovery that:
  1. The planets revolved around the sun, challenging the widely accepted idea that the earth was at the center of the cosmos.
  2. The solar system was extremely old, challenging religious beliefs of his day concerning the age of the earth.
  3. The orbit of the planets was elliptical, countering the idea that the planetary orbits were perfectly circular.
  4. The stars were similar to the sun, challenging the belief in the uniqueness of the solar system.

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