Question 1

Philosophy of Education

Accepted Answer

The study of theories and beliefs about education and its purpose.

Question 2

Constructivism

Accepted Answer

A learning theory that emphasizes the active construction of knowledge by learners.

Question 3

Behaviorism

Accepted Answer

A learning theory that focuses on observable behaviors and the use of rewards and punishments.

Question 4

Differentiation

Accepted Answer

The process of tailoring instruction to meet the diverse needs of learners.

Question 5

Bloom's Taxonomy

Accepted Answer

A hierarchical framework for categorizing educational objectives from lower to higher order thinking.

Question 6

Formative Assessment

Accepted Answer

Assessments used during instruction to provide feedback and guide future instruction.

Question 7

Summative Assessment

Accepted Answer

Assessments used at the end of instruction to evaluate student learning.

Question 8

IEP

Accepted Answer

Individualized Education Program, a legal document outlining special education services for students with disabilities.

Question 9

ADA

Accepted Answer

Americans with Disabilities Act, a law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities.

Question 10

Inclusion

Accepted Answer

The practice of educating students with disabilities in general education classrooms.

Question 11

RTI

Accepted Answer

Response to Intervention, a multi-tiered approach to providing early intervention and support to struggling learners.

Question 12

Multiple Intelligences

Accepted Answer

The theory that individuals possess different types of intelligence, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial.

Question 13

Direct Instruction

Accepted Answer

A teacher-led instructional approach that emphasizes explicit teaching of skills and concepts.

Question 14

Scaffolding

Accepted Answer

Providing temporary support to help students master a new skill or concept.

Question 15

Cooperative Learning

Accepted Answer

A teaching strategy that involves students working together in small groups to achieve a common goal.

Question 16

ELL

Accepted Answer

English Language Learner, a student whose first language is not English and requires support in learning English.

Question 17

Sheltered Instruction

Accepted Answer

An instructional approach that makes content more accessible to ELLs through the use of visuals, gestures, and simplified language.

Question 18

Cultural Competence

Accepted Answer

The ability to interact effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds.

Question 19

IDEA

Accepted Answer

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, a law that ensures students with disabilities receive a free and appropriate public education.

Question 20

High-stakes Testing

Accepted Answer

Assessments that have significant consequences, such as determining graduation or school funding.

Question 21

Gender Equity

Accepted Answer

Providing equal opportunities and resources for all genders in education.

Question 22

Title IX

Accepted Answer

A federal law that prohibits gender discrimination in education programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance.

Question 23

Culturally Responsive Teaching

Accepted Answer

An approach that recognizes and values students' cultural backgrounds in the teaching and learning process.

Question 24

Professional Learning Community

Accepted Answer

A collaborative group of educators who work together to improve student learning.

Question 25

Universal Design for Learning

Accepted Answer

Designing instructional materials and environments that are accessible to all learners.

Question 26

Authentic Assessment

Accepted Answer

Assessments that require students to demonstrate real-world knowledge and skills.

Question 27

Norm-Referenced Assessment

Accepted Answer

Assessments that compare a student's performance to the performance of a larger group of students.

Question 28

Criterion-Referenced Assessment

Accepted Answer

Assessments that measure a student's performance against a set of predetermined criteria or standards.

Question 29

Phonemic Awareness

Accepted Answer

The ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds in spoken language.

Question 30

Phonics

Accepted Answer

The relationship between sounds and the letters that represent them.

Question 31

Sight Words

Accepted Answer

High-frequency words that students should recognize instantly without decoding.

Question 32

Fluency

Accepted Answer

The ability to read accurately, with appropriate speed and expression.

Question 33

Comprehension

Accepted Answer

The ability to understand and interpret written text.

Question 34

Metacognition

Accepted Answer

Thinking about one's own thinking, including planning, monitoring, and evaluating learning.

Question 35

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development

Accepted Answer

The range of tasks that a learner can perform with the assistance of a more knowledgeable individual.

Question 36

Schema

Accepted Answer

Mental frameworks that organize and interpret information based on prior knowledge and experiences.

Question 37

Multicultural Education

Accepted Answer

Education that promotes the understanding and appreciation of diverse cultures, perspectives, and backgrounds.

Question 38

Digital Citizenship

Accepted Answer

The responsible and ethical use of technology, including online communication and digital media.

Question 39

Inquiry-Based Learning

Accepted Answer

A student-centered approach to learning that encourages questioning, investigation, and exploration.

Question 40

Growth Mindset

Accepted Answer

The belief that intelligence and abilities can be developed through effort and persistence.

Question 41

Gifted Education

Accepted Answer

Specialized programs and strategies for students who demonstrate exceptional abilities or talents.

Question 42

Restorative Practices

Accepted Answer

A discipline approach that focuses on repairing harm, building relationships, and promoting positive behavior.

Question 43

Content Area Literacy

Accepted Answer

The ability to read, write, and understand texts in specific subject areas.

Question 44

Experiential Learning

Accepted Answer

Learning through direct hands-on experiences and reflection.

Question 45

Authentic Learning

Accepted Answer

Learning that is connected to real-world contexts and experiences.

Question 46

Intrinsic Motivation

Accepted Answer

Motivation that comes from within, driven by personal interest and enjoyment of the task.

Question 47

Extrinsic Motivation

Accepted Answer

Motivation that comes from external rewards or punishments.

Question 48

Divergent Thinking

Accepted Answer

The ability to generate multiple ideas or solutions to a problem.

Question 49

Convergent Thinking

Accepted Answer

The ability to find the single best solution to a problem.

Question 50

Zone of Proximal Development

Accepted Answer

The range of tasks that a learner can perform with guidance and support.

Question 51

Cultural Pluralism

Accepted Answer

The recognition and acceptance of multiple cultural perspectives within a society.

Question 52

Critical Thinking

Accepted Answer

The ability to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information to make informed decisions and solve problems.

Question 53

Social-Emotional Learning

Accepted Answer

The development of skills and competencies related to self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship building, and responsible decision-making.

Question 54

IEP Team

Accepted Answer

A group of individuals, including parents, educators, and specialists, who collaborate to develop and review an individualized education program for a student with disabilities.

Question 55

504 Plan

Accepted Answer

A plan developed under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act that outlines accommodations and supports for students with disabilities who do not qualify for special education services.

Question 56

Self-Determination

Accepted Answer

The ability to set goals, make choices, and take responsibility for one's actions and learning.

Question 57

Universal Screening

Accepted Answer

The systematic assessment of all students to identify those who may require additional support or interventions.

Question 58

Tiered Instruction

Accepted Answer

A differentiated instructional approach that provides varying levels of support and challenge based on students' needs.

Question 59

Culturally Relevant Pedagogy

Accepted Answer

Teaching practices that connect learning to students' cultural backgrounds, experiences, and identities.

Question 60

Behavioral Intervention Plan

Accepted Answer

A plan developed to address challenging behaviors and support students in developing positive behaviors.

Question 61

Positive Reinforcement

Accepted Answer

The use of rewards or incentives to strengthen desired behaviors.

Question 62

Implicit Bias

Accepted Answer

Unconscious attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions.

Question 63

Differentiated Instruction

Accepted Answer

An instructional approach that adapts teaching methods, materials, and assessments to accommodate the diverse needs of students.

Question 64

Phonological Awareness

Accepted Answer

The ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of spoken language, including syllables, rhymes, and phonemes.

Vermont Praxis Content Knowledge Tests