Question 1

Phonemic Awareness

Accepted Answer

The ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.

Question 2

Phonics

Accepted Answer

The relationship between letters and sounds, and the use of this knowledge to decode and read words.

Question 3

Alphabetic Principle

Accepted Answer

The understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken language.

Question 4

Decoding

Accepted Answer

The process of using phonics skills to sound out and read words.

Question 5

Fluency

Accepted Answer

The ability to read with accuracy, speed, and expression.

Question 6

Sight Words

Accepted Answer

High-frequency words that readers recognize instantly without needing to decode them.

Question 7

Vocabulary

Accepted Answer

The words that a person knows and understands.

Question 8

Comprehension

Accepted Answer

The ability to understand and make meaning from text.

Question 9

Literal Comprehension

Accepted Answer

Understanding the explicit or surface meaning of a text.

Question 10

Inferential Comprehension

Accepted Answer

Drawing conclusions or making predictions based on implicit or indirect information in a text.

Question 11

Critical Comprehension

Accepted Answer

Analyzing and evaluating the text, making judgments, and forming opinions.

Question 12

Text Structures

Accepted Answer

The way a text is organized, such as chronological order, cause and effect, or problem and solution.

Question 13

Main Idea

Accepted Answer

The central or most important idea in a text.

Question 14

Supporting Details

Accepted Answer

Information that helps to explain or provide evidence for the main idea.

Question 15

Context Clues

Accepted Answer

Hints or information in the text that help readers figure out the meanings of unknown words.

Question 16

Literary Elements

Accepted Answer

The essential techniques used in literature, such as plot, character, setting, and theme.

Question 17

Genre

Accepted Answer

A category or type of literature, such as fiction, non-fiction, poetry, or drama.

Question 18

Story Elements

Accepted Answer

The essential components of a story, including characters, setting, plot, conflict, and resolution.

Question 19

Plot

Accepted Answer

The sequence of events in a story, including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.

Question 20

Characterization

Accepted Answer

The way an author develops and portrays characters in a story.

Question 21

Point of View

Accepted Answer

The perspective from which a story is told, such as first person, third person limited, or third person omniscient.

Question 22

Theme

Accepted Answer

The central message or lesson conveyed in a story.

Question 23

Literary Devices

Accepted Answer

Techniques used by writers to create a particular effect, such as simile, metaphor, personification, or imagery.

Question 24

Narrative Writing

Accepted Answer

Writing that tells a story or recounts an event.

Question 25

Expository Writing

Accepted Answer

Writing that explains or provides information about a topic.

Question 26

Persuasive Writing

Accepted Answer

Writing that tries to convince the reader to agree with a certain viewpoint or take a specific action.

Question 27

Descriptive Writing

Accepted Answer

Writing that uses vivid language to create a sensory experience for the reader.

Question 28

Pre-Writing

Accepted Answer

The planning stage of the writing process, which includes brainstorming, outlining, and organizing ideas.

Question 29

Drafting

Accepted Answer

The process of writing a rough version or initial copy of a piece of writing.

Question 30

Revising

Accepted Answer

The process of making changes and improvements to a piece of writing to enhance clarity, coherence, and effectiveness.

Question 31

Editing

Accepted Answer

The process of reviewing and correcting grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other mechanical errors in a piece of writing.

Question 32

Proofreading

Accepted Answer

The final stage of the writing process, focusing on finding and correcting any remaining errors before publishing or submitting a piece of writing.

Question 33

Text Features

Accepted Answer

The elements in a text that are not part of the main body, such as headings, subheadings, captions, and illustrations.

Question 34

Reading Strategies

Accepted Answer

Techniques used by readers to enhance comprehension, such as making predictions, visualizing, summarizing, and questioning.

Question 35

Independent Reading

Accepted Answer

Reading done by choice and for personal enjoyment or interest.

Question 36

Guided Reading

Accepted Answer

Small-group instruction where students read leveled texts with teacher support and guidance.

Question 37

Shared Reading

Accepted Answer

Reading aloud and discussing a text as a whole class or group.

Question 38

Close Reading

Accepted Answer

A careful and focused reading of a text to analyze and interpret its meaning.

Question 39

Reading Workshop

Accepted Answer

An instructional approach where students engage in independent reading and small-group instruction based on their individual needs.

Question 40

Assessment

Accepted Answer

The process of gathering and evaluating information about a student's knowledge, skills, and progress.

Question 41

Formative Assessment

Accepted Answer

Ongoing assessments used to monitor student learning and provide feedback for instructional purposes.

Question 42

Summative Assessment

Accepted Answer

Assessments used to evaluate student learning at the end of a unit or course.

Question 43

Running Record

Accepted Answer

An assessment tool used to assess a student's reading accuracy, fluency, and comprehension.

Question 44

Differentiation

Accepted Answer

The process of modifying instruction and providing support to meet the individual needs of students.

Teaching Reading: Elementary Exam Flashcards for New Mexico Praxis