Created byHillary Pecayo
Genetics.
Flashcards in set (24)
Definitionmolecules of DNA from two different species that are inserted into a host organism to produce new genetic combinations that are of value to science, medicine, agriculture, and industry.
TermRecombinant DNA
DefinitionRecombinant DNA Technology is also called?
TermGenetic Engineering
Definitiontools of Recombinant DNA Technology
Term1. Restriction Enzymes
2. Vector
3. Host
Definitionplay a major role in determining the location at which the desired gene is inserted into the vector genome.
TermRestriction Enzymes
DefinitionUnder the Restriction Enzyme there are
TermEndonuclease and Exonuclease
Definitioncut within the DNA strand; they scrutinize the length of DNA and make the cut at the specific site—the restriction site. This gives rise to sticky ends in the sequence.
TermEndonuclease
Definitionremove the nucleotides from the ends of the strands.
TermExonuclease
Definitionhelps to synthesize.
TermPolymerase
Definitionhelps to bind.
TermLigase
Definitioncarrier | help in carrying and integrating the desired gene; “ultimate vehicles” that carry forward the desired gene into the host organism. (plasmids, viruses, yeast cells)
TermVector
Definitioninto which the recombinant DNA is introduced; takes in the vector engineered with the desired DNA with the help of the enzymes. (bacterial cells)
TermHost
DefinitionProcess of Recombinant DNA Technology
Term1. Isolation of Genetic Material.
2. Cutting the Gene at the recognition site.
3. Amplifying the gene copies through Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
4. Ligation of DNA Molecules.
5. Insertion of Recombinant DNA into the host
DefinitionApplication of rDNA
Term1. Health Sector
2. Agriculture
3. Food Industry
Definitiontreating growth disorders in children.
TermHuman Growth Hormone (hGH)
Definitionhelps manage anemia in patients with kidney failure and cancer.
TermErythropoietin (EPO)
Definitionis used to dissolve blood clots in stroke patients.
TermTissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)
DefinitionThis rDNA-made antibody targets HER2-positive breast cancer cells.
TermHerceptin (Trastuzumab)
Definitiontreats patients with hemophilia A, promoting blood clotting.
TermFactor VIII
Definitionexpress a bacterial gene from Bacillus thuringiensis, which produces a protein toxic to certain insect pests. (offer built-in insect resistance)
TermBt Crops
Definitionvariety of rice that produces beta-carotene, a precursor of Vitamin A. This biofortified rice aims to combat Vitamin A deficiency in populations relying heavily on rice as a staple food.
TermGolden Rice
Definitionlike soybeans and corn, are designed to be resistant to the herbicide glyphosate. This allows farmers to control weeds more effectively, as the crops can withstand glyphosate treatment, reducing the environmental impact of herbicides.
Term Roundup Ready Crops
DefinitionChymosin (Rennet)
TermChymosin (Rennet)
DefinitionrDNA technology has been applied to enhance the enzymatic conversion of corn starch into glucose and fructose. This process leads to the production of ?, a sweetener used in a wide range of food products.
TermHigh-Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) Production
DefinitionRecombinant DNA technology is employed to produce various ? and enzymes. For instance, certain enzymes used in food processing, such as amylases and proteases, can be manufactured using rDNA methods, ensuring consistent and safe production.
TermBioengineered Food Additives