Question 1

Revolutionary War

Accepted Answer

The war fought between the American colonies and Great Britain from 1775 to 1783.

Question 2

Articles of Confederation

Accepted Answer

The first written constitution of the United States, in effect from 1781 to 1789.

Question 3

Constitutional Convention

Accepted Answer

The gathering of delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, resulting in the drafting of the U.S. Constitution.

Question 4

Federalists

Accepted Answer

Supporters of the U.S. Constitution and a strong federal government.

Question 5

Anti-Federalists

Accepted Answer

Opponents of the U.S. Constitution, fearing the concentration of power in a strong federal government.

Question 6

Bill of Rights

Accepted Answer

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, guaranteeing individual rights and liberties.

Question 7

Manifest Destiny

Accepted Answer

The belief in the 19th-century that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent.

Question 8

Emancipation Proclamation

Accepted Answer

An executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862, declaring the freedom of slaves in Confederate territories.

Question 9

Reconstruction

Accepted Answer

The period following the American Civil War, from 1865 to 1877, aimed at rebuilding and integrating the Southern states.

Question 10

Jim Crow Laws

Accepted Answer

State and local laws enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to enforce racial segregation in the United States.

Question 11

Plessy v. Ferguson

Accepted Answer

A U.S. Supreme Court case in 1896 that upheld racial segregation under the doctrine of "separate but equal."

Question 12

Progressive Era

Accepted Answer

A period of social and political reform in the United States from the late 19th to early 20th century.

Question 13

19th Amendment

Accepted Answer

The amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified in 1920, granting women the right to vote.

Question 14

Great Depression

Accepted Answer

A severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s.

Question 15

New Deal

Accepted Answer

A series of economic and social programs implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the effects of the Great Depression.

Question 16

World War II

Accepted Answer

A global conflict that took place from 1939 to 1945, involving many nations, including the United States.

Question 17

Cold War

Accepted Answer

The period of political tension between the United States and the Soviet Union from the late 1940s to the early 1990s.

Question 18

Brown v. Board of Education

Accepted Answer

A landmark U.S. Supreme Court case in 1954 that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Question 19

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Accepted Answer

A federal law that prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Question 20

Vietnam War

Accepted Answer

A conflict that took place in Vietnam from 1955 to 1975, involving the United States and its allies.

Question 21

Watergate scandal

Accepted Answer

A political scandal in the 1970s that led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon.

Question 22

Roe v. Wade

Accepted Answer

A U.S. Supreme Court case in 1973 that legalized abortion nationwide.

Question 23

Reaganomics

Accepted Answer

The economic policies implemented by President Ronald Reagan, characterized by tax cuts and deregulation.

Question 24

Persian Gulf War

Accepted Answer

A military conflict in 1990-1991, when a coalition led by the United States repelled Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.

Question 25

September 11 attacks

Accepted Answer

A series of coordinated terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, carried out by al-Qaeda.

Question 26

No Child Left Behind Act

Accepted Answer

A federal law enacted in 2001, focusing on improving educational standards and accountability.

Question 27

Affordable Care Act

Accepted Answer

A federal law enacted in 2010, aimed at expanding access to health insurance and reducing healthcare costs.

Question 28

Suffrage Movement

Accepted Answer

The organized effort to secure voting rights for women, particularly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Question 29

Harlem Renaissance

Accepted Answer

A cultural and artistic movement in the 1920s that celebrated African American art, literature, and music.

Question 30

McCarthyism

Accepted Answer

The practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper evidence, particularly during the Cold War era.

Question 31

Civil Rights Movement

Accepted Answer

A social and political movement in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, aimed at ending racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans.

Question 32

Women's Liberation Movement

Accepted Answer

A movement advocating for equal rights and opportunities for women, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s.

Question 33

Environmentalism

Accepted Answer

The advocacy for the protection and preservation of the natural environment, including efforts to address climate change and promote sustainability.

Question 34

Globalization

Accepted Answer

The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through the exchange of goods, services, and ideas.

Question 35

Immigration Reform

Accepted Answer

Efforts to modify immigration laws and policies to address issues such as border control, citizenship, and refugee resettlement.

Question 36

Judicial Review

Accepted Answer

The power of the courts to interpret and determine the constitutionality of laws and government actions.

Question 37

Separation of Powers

Accepted Answer

The division of governmental authority into separate branches, such as the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, to prevent the concentration of power.

Question 38

Federalism

Accepted Answer

A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and regional or state governments.

Question 39

Due Process

Accepted Answer

The principle that individuals have the right to fair treatment and legal protections under the law.

Question 40

Electoral College

Accepted Answer

The body responsible for electing the President and Vice President of the United States, consisting of electors from each state.

Question 41

Checks and Balances

Accepted Answer

The system in which each branch of government has the ability to limit the powers of the other branches, ensuring a balance of power.

Question 42

Executive Order

Accepted Answer

A directive issued by the President of the United States that manages operations of the federal government.

Question 43

Judicial Activism

Accepted Answer

The philosophy that judges should interpret the Constitution and laws in light of current social and political circumstances.

Question 44

Social Contract Theory

Accepted Answer

The idea that individuals consent to be governed and give up certain freedoms in exchange for protection and the benefits of living in a society.

Question 45

Gilded Age

Accepted Answer

A period in American history from the late 19th century characterized by rapid industrialization, economic growth, and wealth inequality.

Question 46

Progressive Education

Accepted Answer

An educational philosophy focused on hands-on learning, critical thinking, and social reform.

Question 47

Modernism

Accepted Answer

An artistic and cultural movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that rejected traditional forms and embraced innovation and experimentation.

Question 48

Postmodernism

Accepted Answer

A philosophical and cultural movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, challenging traditional ideas of art, knowledge, and truth.

Question 49

Inflation

Accepted Answer

The sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over time.

Question 50

Monetary Policy

Accepted Answer

The actions taken by a central bank to control the money supply and interest rates in an economy.

Question 51

Supply and Demand

Accepted Answer

The fundamental economic concept that describes the relationship between the availability of a product or service and the desire for it.

Question 52

Comparative Advantage

Accepted Answer

The principle that states that countries should specialize in producing goods and services in which they have the lowest opportunity cost.

Question 53

Fiscal Policy

Accepted Answer

The use of government spending and taxation to influence the overall state of the economy.

Question 54

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Accepted Answer

The monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period.

Question 55

Microeconomics

Accepted Answer

The branch of economics that focuses on individual markets, consumers, and firms, and their interactions.

Question 56

Macroeconomics

Accepted Answer

The branch of economics that studies the behavior and performance of an entire economy, including factors like inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.

Question 57

Opportunity Cost

Accepted Answer

The value of the next best alternative that must be forgone when making a decision.

Question 58

Market Failure

Accepted Answer

The situation in which the allocation of goods and services by a free market is inefficient or does not achieve the desired outcomes.

Question 59

Externalities

Accepted Answer

The costs or benefits imposed on third parties as a result of economic activities, which are not accounted for in market transactions.

Question 60

Elasticity

Accepted Answer

A measure of the responsiveness of quantity demanded or supplied to a change in price or income, indicating the sensitivity of buyers or sellers to price changes.

Question 61

ESL (English as a Second Language)

Accepted Answer

Instructional programs and strategies for students whose first language is not English.

Pennsylvania Praxis Content Knowledge