Question 1

5-day Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)

Accepted Answer

quantity of oxygen needed to satisfy biochemical oxidation of organic matter in waste sample in 5 days at 20oC.

Question 2

access door

Accepted Answer

provides access inside the silo which may be located at the roof or at the wall.

Question 3

access ramp

Accepted Answer

slope located at the side of the road carriageway that provides entrance from lower ground levels.

Question 4

aeration

Accepted Answer

moving of air through stored grains at low airflow rates between 0.05 – 2.28 cubic meter per minute per ton for purposes other than drying, to maintain or improve its quality

Question 5

aerobic

Accepted Answer

requires free oxygen

Question 6

aggregates

Accepted Answer

granular material of mineral composition such as sand, gravel, shell, crushed and uncrushed stone or lightweight materials

Question 7

agricultural and fishery wastes

Accepted Answer

consist of solid and liquid waste, slurry including by-products and residues resulting from the production and processing of crops, livestock, poultry, and fishery (AMTEC-UPLB, 2002a;2002b, modified)

Question 8

agricultural liquid waste

Accepted Answer

consist of liquid waste and slurry resulting from the production of livestock and poultry; and processing of crops, livestock and poultry

Question 9

agricultural solid waste

Accepted Answer

wastes resulting from the production and processing of crops and animals or agricultural products, including manures with at least 20% solids, pruning and crop residues wherever produced

Question 10

agriculture and fisheries

Accepted Answer

production of crops, livestock, and aquatic flora and fauna

Question 11

agro-industrial wastes

Accepted Answer

consist of solid and liquid waste generated from local activity or series of activities to maintain or raise the quality or change the form or characteristics of agricultural, fisheries and forestry products (Agricultural and Fisheries Mechanization [AFMech] Law, 2013, modified)

Question 12

air change ratio

Accepted Answer

ratio of the volume of air that enters a room to the volume of air of the empty room

Question 13

air cooled

Accepted Answer

storage provided with good ventilation

Question 14

anaerobic

Accepted Answer

presence of free oxygen is not required

Question 15

anaerobic digestion process

Accepted Answer

biological conversion of biodegradable materials by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen creating two main products: biogas and digestate (ISO, 2018)

Question 16

angle of friction

Accepted Answer

angle of the material when the grains held starts to move

Question 17

asepsis

Accepted Answer

condition that describes the freedom of plant materials, culture medium, confines of the culture vessel from contaminating microorganisms

Question 18

backfill

Accepted Answer

layer of compacted soil and gravel to support the digester wall

Question 19

backfill

Accepted Answer

suitable materials such as gravel, sand, and earth used to refill excavated materials during construction

Question 20

backfill layer

Accepted Answer

of compacted soil and gravel to support the digester wall.

Question 21

backfilling

Accepted Answer

the act of refilling suitable materials or replacing unsuitable materials removed during construction

Question 22

back-out stall

Accepted Answer

type of stall where animals must back up to exit the stall.

Question 23

baffle board

Accepted Answer

division in the digester that prevent the slurry from premature exit into the sludge/outlet tank

Question 24

bag type storage

Accepted Answer

storing of paddy, milled rice, corn, and other grains in bags usually made of jute, polyethylene, and other packaging materials

Question 25

balloon type

Accepted Answer

plant consisting of a heat-sealed plastic or rubber bag (balloon), combining digester and gasholder

Question 26

base course

Accepted Answer

layer of aggregate, soil-treated aggregate, treated soil, or soil aggregate of designed thickness that rests upon the Subbase or if no Subbase, upon the sub-grade, to support a surface course. Treatment may include application of chemical-based soil additives such as soil-stabilizers and/or any approved method.

Question 27

base flooring

Accepted Answer

floor located at the basement of flat bottom silos

Question 28

biochemical methane potential (BMP)

Accepted Answer

amount of organic matters in a substrate that can be degraded by anaerobic microorganisms. It also indicates the biogas output per unit quantity of substrate (Deng et al., 2020)

Question 29

biogas (PAES 413:2001)

Accepted Answer

mixture of gas (composed of 50 to 70 percent methane and 30 to 40 percent carbon dioxide) produced by methanogenic bacteria

Question 30

biogas (PNS/BAFS PABES 364:2023)

Accepted Answer

gas produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter (ISO, 2018). It consists typically of 40-75 % methane, 14-45 % carbon dioxide, along with small amounts of water vapor and other gases (ISO, 2020)

Question 31

biogas plant

Accepted Answer

plant used to process animal wastes or manure to produce biogas and sludge consisting of an inlet/mixing tank, digester, gas chamber and outlet/sludge tank.

Question 32

biogas system

Accepted Answer

system used to process agricultural, fishery, and agro-industrial waste to produce biogas and sludge consisting of, but not limited to, a mixing tank/inlet, digester, gas chamber and outlet/sludge tank/hydraulic pressure tank (AMTEC-UPLB, 2001, modified)

Question 33

biomass resources/ biomass

Accepted Answer

non-fossilized, biodegradable organic materials originating from naturally occurring or cultured plants, animals and microorganisms, including agricultural products, by-products and residues that can be used in bioconversion process and other processes, as well as gases and liquids recovered from the decomposition and/or extraction of non-fossilized and biodegradable organic materials (Renewable Energy Act of 2008, 2008, modified)

Question 34

black offal

Accepted Answer

digestive tract of swine such as the stomach, or the intestines which still contain fecal matter

Question 35

bleeding

Accepted Answer

process of removing as much blood as possible from the slaughtered swine/ruminant before further processing.

Question 36

boar

Accepted Answer

refers to a male breeding swine which is at least 8 months old.

Question 37

borrow

Accepted Answer

suitable material used for embankments

Question 38

bridge

Accepted Answer

structure, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruction, such as water, a highway, or a railway; having a roadway or track for carrying traffic or other moving loads; and having an opening measured along the center of the roadway between faces of abutments, spring lines of arches, or extreme ends of the opening for multiple box culverts or multiple pipes that are 60 inches or more in diameter and that have a clear distance between openings of not less than half of the smallest pipe diameter

Question 39

brooder guard

Accepted Answer

materials that are placed around the brooder stoves to prevent the chicks from straying too far away from the heat supply until they learn the source of heat.

Question 40

brooding

Accepted Answer

process of supplying heat to the chicks after hatching up to the time that their natural heat regulatory mechanisms becomes fully functional.

Question 41

buck

Accepted Answer

mature male goat

Question 42

bulk storage

Accepted Answer

produce is piled in room-sized bins, which exerts forces that must be resisted by the building walls

Question 43

bulking agent

Accepted Answer

any item used to improve the compost structure and to increase porosity to allow internal air movement

Question 44

bull

Accepted Answer

breeding male of any age.

Question 45

burlap

Accepted Answer

coarse cloth made of jute, flax or hemp

Question 46

C:N ratio

Accepted Answer

weight ratio of carbon to nitrogen

Question 47

calf

Accepted Answer

young male or female under one year of age.

Question 48

California Bearing Ratio (CBR)

Accepted Answer

ratio between a test load and an arbitrarily defined standard load, expressed as a percentage

Question 49

carabao

Accepted Answer

Philippine water buffalo or swamp buffalo.

Question 50

carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N)

Accepted Answer

ratio of carbon and nitrogen content in substrate.

Question 51

carcass (PAES 422-1:2012 / PAES 422-2:2012)

Accepted Answer

body of slaughtered poultry animal after defeathering, evisceration, and removal of head and feet.

Question 52

carcass (PNS/BAFS PABES 305:2020 / PNS/BAFS PABES 306:2020)

Accepted Answer

body of any slaughtered animal after bleeding and dressing.

Question 53

cell pack

Accepted Answer

individual divisions in a carton formed by fiberboard dividers, each cell to contain one fruit

Question 54

chemical oxygen demand (COD)

Accepted Answer

amount of oxygen consumed by oxidizing substrate under heating condition with chemical oxidants, usually expressed in terms of oxygen consumption in mg/L or g/L (Deng et al., 2020)

Question 55

chute

Accepted Answer

passageway for the animals that connects the lairage to the slaughtering area.

Question 56

clean runoff

Accepted Answer

runoff not contaminated with manure such as runoff from roofs, grassed areas, drives and other areas which are not animal alleys

Question 57

clearing

Accepted Answer

removal and disposal of trees, vegetation or other unwanted materials from the ground surface

Question 58

coco coir peat

Accepted Answer

natural and residual materials from coconut coir which serves as soil conditioner

Question 59

coco coir twine

Accepted Answer

string made of coconut coir strands twisted together

Question 60

coco-log

Accepted Answer

tubular structure of coconut coir fiber blankets of different diameter filled with coco coir, and/or coco peat

Question 61

coconet

Accepted Answer

handspun coconut coir fiber twine woven into blankets of different density

Question 62

coconut geonet

Accepted Answer

any coconut coir fiber-based material such as coconets, coco-logs, coco peat, placed in sloping lands and embankments to hold the vulnerable soil and permit vegetative growth to control surface erosion and conserve the productivity of the soil

Question 63

collecting tank/holding tank

Accepted Answer

chamber where manure and water are collected, stored and separated from heavy and non-biodegradable materials before feeding them into the digester

Question 64

community nest

Accepted Answer

large nesting boxes for 3 - 6 layers.

PAES Agricultural Structures